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Biodiesel
🌍 Overview
Biodiesel is an eco-friendly transportation fuel that manufactures natural oils and refined oils such as animal and vegetable oil as raw materials, and is used as an additive or alternative fuel for diesel cars that use light oil. Due to its similar fuel performance to diesel, it can reduce carbon dioxide and smoke generation, and its biodegradability is excellent, the mandatory mixing ratio of biodiesel as an eco-friendly fuel is expanding under the government’s enforcement ordinance of the Renewable Energy Act.
🌍 Environmental Improvement Effect
• Low air-toxics and carcinogens • Sulfur oxides are not likely to be discharged • Can reduce carbon dioxide emissions • Oxygen in fuel allows for complete combustion • Smoke and carbohydrate emissions are low • Does not contain SO2, CO and aromatic hydrocarbons • Contains 11% (Wt%) oxygen • Environmentally safe biodegradability
🌍 Using
Supply of biodiesel fuel oil (BD20 – fuel mixed with 80% of automobile diesel and 20% of biodiesel) to vehicles that can be managed with self-maintenance facilities and private gas handling stations.
Bio Heavy Oil
🌍 Overview
Bioheavy oil is an eco-friendly power generation fuel made by refining and processing animal/vegetable oils and Oleo Chemical byproducts to fuel quality.
🌍 Environmental Improvement Effect
According to an empirical study conducted by the Korea National Oil Management Agency, sulfur oxides, the main culprit of fine dust, are rarely emitted among the emissions generated when heavy oil is used, and the effect of reducing nitrogen oxides, 28% fine dust, and 85% greenhouse gas compared to heavy oil (Bunker C).
🌍 Using
• Renewable fuel for power generation
• Industrial boilers
• Vessel oil
Glycerol
🌍 Overview
• By-Product produced in biodiesel manufacturing process
• Chemical formula: C3H8O3
• Properties: High viscous liquid that is sticky and sweet
🌍 Using
• Crude Glycerine
↳ As a by-product generated during biodiesel production, it is used as a raw material and moisturizer for polymer synthesis, and an eco-friendly scattering inhibitor.
• Refined Glycerine
↳ Refined glycerin is used as a paint additive, styrofoam raw material, cosmetics, cigarettes, food products (such as snacks), and surfactants depending on its purity.
Re-refined Oil
🌍 Overview
Re-refined oil is a high-quality, eco-friendly maintenance made by refining the oil used through the process.
🌍 Using
• Industrial Oil
• Biodiesel
• Manufacturing Oil
• Raw material for paint
• Cutting oil
• Recycled soap
• Forage Oil
• Raw materials of feedstuff
Bioplastics
🌍 Overview
One of the most powerful alternatives to solving the problems of plastic products is the addition of bio-materials to petroleum-based materials.
The biological biodegradable plastic market is expected to grow from 1.23 million tons in 2020 to 1.8 million tons in 2025, with an average annual growth of 8.0%.
The case of refractory plastics is also expected to grow from 880,000 tons in 2020 to 1.07 million tons in 2025.
The trend is expected to continue for the time being, with the share of bioenergy in 2030 to be about 80 percent of renewable energy.
🌍 Classification
• Bio-degradable Plastic
↳ Unlike conventional non-degradable plastics, biodegradable plastics can be made from a variety of raw materials (biomass or fossil fuel-based compounds) that can be completely decomposed into water and carbon dioxide by bacteria, algae, fungi, or other microorganisms.
Biodegradable plastics can be used in the same way as regular plastic products, and waste can be composted in a compost facility with certain conditions after use.
There are many kinds of biodegradable plastics. First of all, the aliphatic polyester polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene adipate-co-terphthalate (PBAT),
Polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) are biodegradable polymers obtained by chemically synthesizing monomers, which are widely used due to their easy control of physical properties.
There are also microbiopolymers produced by microorganisms, such as poly—hydroxybutyrate (PHB), poly—hydroxyvalerate (PHV), and their copolymers such as PHB/PHV.
Biodegradable polymers based on natural materials include plants such as Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Pectin, Lignin, and starch, which is a stored carbohydrate, and chitin-based animal-based polymers, including shrimp and crab shells.
Polyactive acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer currently being commercially produced on a large scale, is produced through a fermentation process from corn and starch, which are raw materials for biomass.
• Biomass Plastic
↳ Instead of utilizing conventional fossil fuels, biomass plastics can synthesize polymers using biomass, a renewable plant-derived resource.
As various platform compounds are obtained from biomass raw materials, bio-polyurethane, bio-PET, and bio-poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) are being developed.
🌍 Environmental Improvement Effect
• Non-toxic, sustainable and environmentally friendly
• Replacement of non-renewable resource-derived compounds
• Can be treated with intermediate substances or end products that can be applied to a variety of products
• Highly available compared to other renewable energy sources
• Convenient to compost after use
GRI Lab
🌍 GRI Research Institute
The GRI Research Institute is researching the possibility of commercialization of various raw materials, including technology development to improve the quality of its main product, biodiesel, and research and development such as high value-added by-products such as glycerin. In addition, we are studying bioplastic materials of PHA series using bioplastics using pyrolysis oil that pyrolyzed low-grade waste plastics and low-grade glycerin, a by-product of biodiesel.